Publications
Gender Disparities in Associate’s Degrees by Field of Study and Implications for Future Earnings
Research from IWPR shows how gender disparities in associate's degree attainment impact earnings. Women are more likely to earn degrees in fields with lower wages, and this updated fact sheet explores the latest data from the US Department of Education, examining trends in associate’s [...]
Latinas Won’t Reach Pay Equity with White Men Until 2198
The recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic’s economic crisis resulted in a tight labor market in which many workers gained through switching jobs and finding higher earnings. However, Latina women workers were hit hardest and are still facing lower labor force participation than before the [...]
Gender and Racial Wage Gaps Worsened in 2023 and Pay Equity Still Decades Away
In 2023, women working full-time year-round made 82.7 cents per dollar earned by men (a wage gap of 17.3 percent), a significant worsening of the earnings ratio compared to 84.0 cents per dollar in 2022 (a wage gap of 16.0 percent). Read more from [...]
Forecasting Pay Equity: Women Are Expected to Wait Over 50 Years to Reach Parity with Men
If progress continues at the same rate as it has since 2000, it will take more than four decades—until 2066— for women working full-time year-round to reach pay equity with men and even longer—until 2088—to reach pay equity between all working women and men. [...]
Women Servers Earn Significantly Less than Their Male Counterparts
In 2023, 2.2 million people worked as servers in the United States, of which almost two-thirds were women. Additionally, most workers earning a tipped minimum wage were employed in the restaurant industry. This quick figure explores disparities among servers across gender, race, and ethnicity. [...]
State by State, Mothers Are Paid Much Less than Fathers
Mothers’ earnings are crucial for their own and their families’ economic security. Mothers are more likely than ever to be in the labor market: almost three-quarters (74.0 percent) of mothers of children under 18 were employed or looking for work in 2023, a higher [...]
