Economic Security, Mobility and Equity (ESME)
Whether paid or unpaid, women’s work is crucial for their families’ economic security and well-being. Greater gender equality in paid and unpaid work will reduce poverty and improve economic growth and prosperity; persistent inequity in employment and family work is costing all of us. Women are held back by the undervaluation of historically female work, workplaces designed as if workers had no family responsibilities, and a broken-down work-family infrastructure.
IWPR’s ESME program highlights the extent of pay inequalities, and the role played by stark occupational segregation in perpetuating unequal pay. We conduct research and analysis on women’s labor force participation and employment trends; workforce development, non-traditional employment, and apprenticeships; the impact of sex discrimination and harassment on women’s career advancement and mobility; the gender pay gap and pay inequity across race and ethnicity; work-family policies and employer practices; the and the impact of automation and technological advances on women workers.
We work with policymakers, employers, advocates, and practitioners to identify promising practices and policy solutions.
Women Earn Less than Men Whether They Work in the Same or Different Occupations
Women’s median earnings for a week of full-time work are lower than men’s in nearly all occupations, irrespective of whether these occupations are mainly held by women, mainly held by men, or whether the gender division is more equal. Read the latest findings from [...]
Flexible Work and Women’s Well-Being: Poll Results
In November 2024, Morning Consult, on behalf of the Institute for Women’s Policy Research, surveyed 8,011 women ages 25–65 in the United States about remote working and schedule flexibility and control, perceived work-life balance and supports, and perceived health. Results are for employed women [...]
Women at Work Five Years Since the Start of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Any Progress?
On March 13, 2020, President Trump declared a national emergency in response to the COVID-19 virus and, subsequently, 42 states and territories issued mandatory stay-at-home orders. By April 2020, the overall rate of unemployment had spiked to 14.7 percent, up from 4.4 percent a [...]
The Intersection of Workplace Flexibility and Exercise by Gender, Race, and Ethnicity
IWPR analyzed the American Time Use Survey Leave Module 2017–2018 to assess the relationship between workplace flexibility and workers’ likelihood of exercising. The analysis examines exercise rates when employees have greater control over when and where they work and compares those rates to workplaces [...]
Care Work After COVID-19: Men Help More, but Women Still Carry the Load
Women are significantly more likely than men to spend at least 30 minutes a day providing unpaid care for children or older adults, but the gender gap has decreased since the pandemic. In this Quick Figure, explore the unequal distribution of family care work [...]
The Unfinished Fight for Equal Pay: How Women Fared in 2024
November 21 was Native Women’s Equal Pay Day, marking the end of this year’s series of events highlighting the gender wage gap faced by women in various groups. Looking back at IWPR’s research on this critical issue, the data show that, almost across the board, [...]
