Economic Security, Mobility and Equity (ESME)
Whether paid or unpaid, women’s work is crucial for their families’ economic security and well-being. Greater gender equality in paid and unpaid work will reduce poverty and improve economic growth and prosperity; persistent inequity in employment and family work is costing all of us. Women are held back by the undervaluation of historically female work, workplaces designed as if workers had no family responsibilities, and a broken-down work-family infrastructure.
IWPR’s ESME program highlights the extent of pay inequalities, and the role played by stark occupational segregation in perpetuating unequal pay. We conduct research and analysis on women’s labor force participation and employment trends; workforce development, non-traditional employment, and apprenticeships; the impact of sex discrimination and harassment on women’s career advancement and mobility; the gender pay gap and pay inequity across race and ethnicity; work-family policies and employer practices; the and the impact of automation and technological advances on women workers.
We work with policymakers, employers, advocates, and practitioners to identify promising practices and policy solutions.
Gender and Racial Wage Gaps Marginally Improve in 2022 but Pay Equity Still Decades Away
In 2022, women working full-time year-round made 84.0 cents per dollar earned by men (a wage gap of 16.0 percent), a marginal improvement compared to 2021 (83.7 cents per dollar) and significantly higher than in pre-COVID-19 2019 (82.3 cents).1 Based on median annual earnings [...]
Quick Figure: Pay Equity Still Decades Away
If progress continues at the same rate as it has since 1960, it will still take more than three decades, until 2053, for all working women to reach pay equity with men. It will take even longer, until 2058, to reach full pay equity [...]
State by State, Mothers Are Paid Much Less Than Fathers
Mothers earned less than fathers prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, during the pandemic, and as the economy began to recover from the pandemic. In 2021, the most recently available annual earnings data, the median annual earnings for mothers amounted to just 61.7 cents on [...]
In 2021, Working Moms Made Just 62 Cents on the Dollar Compared to Working Fathers in Every U.S. State, According to New IWPR Fact Sheet
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE August 15, 2023 Contact: William Lutz 202-785-5100 Mom’s Equal Pay Day is August 15, 2023 Washington, D.C. — Nationally, in 2021 working moms made just 61.7 cents on the dollar compared to working fathers, according to a new Fact Sheet released by [...]
Mothers’ Wage Inequities Go Beyond Paid Labor
This year, August 15th marks Mothers' Equal Pay Day. This date highlights the inequalities that mothers in the United States face in their pay. Mothers had to work nearly eight more months into 2021 in order to earn the same amount fathers earned in [...]
Black Women’s Equal Pay Day 2023: No Matter What State They Live In, Black Women Make Less Than White Men
Black Women’s Equal Pay Day is a symbolic commemoration of a stark reality: no matter which state they live in, whether they work part- or full-time, or part-year or year-round, Black women make substantially less than White men . This year, Black Women's Equal [...]
