Beth Vial only learned she was pregnant toward the end of her second trimester.

This was astonishing news: A few years before she began her freshman year of college in 2017, Vial, now 27, of Portland, Ore., had been diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and irritable bowel syndrome. A doctor told her she wouldn’t be able to get pregnant without medical intervention, and said she would need to go on birth control to balance her hormones.