Trends in Employment and Earnings
Women’s status in the area of employment and earnings has improved on two indicators since the publication of IWPR’s last national report on the status of women, the 2004 Status of Women in the States, and remained unchanged or declined on two others. Women’s median annual earnings for full-time, year-round work in 2013 ($39,157) were nearly identical to their earnings for similar work in 2002 ($39,108 when adjusted to 2013 dollars). The gender earnings ratio improved during this time from 76.6 to 78.3 percent, narrowing the gender wage gap by 1.7 percentage points, and the share of women working in professional or managerial occupations grew from 33.2 to 39.9 percent. Women’s labor force participation rate, however, declined from 59.6 in 2002 to 57.0 percent in 2014.
Temporary Disability Insurance: A Model to Provide Income Security Over the Life Cycle
An IWPR paper presented at the 1995 Annual Meetings of the American Economics Association of the Allied Social Science Associations. Argues for the need to change the traditional social welfare system to allow for demographic changes, family diversity, and women’s need for income replacement across the life cycle.
Pay Equity and the Wage Gap: Success in the States
By 1989, twenty states had implemented programs to raise the wages of workers in female-dominated jobs in their state civil services.
Pay Equity and Women’s Wage Increases: Success in the States, A Model for the Nation
By 1989, twenty states had implemented programs to raise the wages of workers in female-dominated job classes in their state civil services.
